Eromit Labrador Retrievers
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Labrador Coat Color Genetics
| Website, photo and contents copyright of Kinderdoggin (c) 2008. Website Design by Kinderdoggin Web Design. Suggestions? Comments? Report broken links to the webmaster. |
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Here you will find an exhaustive demonstration of all of the different combinations of lab breedings, and what
color puppies they will produce.
color puppies they will produce.
| X |
| eeBB |
| = |
|
100% Yellow Pups
| eeBB |
| X |
| eeBb |
| = |
|
100% Yellow Pups
50% are Chocolate Factored
50% are Chocolate Factored
| eeBB |
| X |
| Results: two yellows will always produce only yellow puppies. |
| = |
|
100% Chocolate-Factored Yellows
| X |
| = |
|
100% Tri-Factored Black
| eeBB |
| X |
| = |
|
50% Tri-factored Blacks
50% Tri-factored Yellows
50% Tri-factored Yellows
| eeBB |
| X |
| = |
|
100% yellow-factored Blacks
| eeBB |
| X |
| = |
|
50% yellow-factored Black
50% tri-factored Black
50% tri-factored Black
| eeBB |
| X |
| = |
50% yellow-factored Black
50% Yellow
50% Yellow
|
| eeBb |
| eeBB |
| X |
| = |
25% Yellow-Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Black
25% Yellow
25% Tri-factored Yellow
25% Tri-Factored Black
25% Yellow
25% Tri-factored Yellow
|
| X |
| = |
| EEbb |
|
50% Yellow-factored Black
50% Yellow-factored Chocolate
50% Yellow-factored Chocolate
| eeBb |
| X |
| = |
| Eebb |
25% Tri-factored Black
25% Tri-factored Yellow
25% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
25% Dudley Yellow
25% Tri-factored Yellow
25% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
25% Dudley Yellow
|
| eeBb |
| X |
| eeBb |
| X |
| EEBB |
| = |
50% Yellow-Factored Black
50% Tri-Factored Black
50% Tri-Factored Black
|
| eeBb |
| X |
| = |
| EeBB |
|
25% Yellow-Factored Black
25% Yellow
25% Tri-Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Yellow
25% Yellow
25% Tri-Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Yellow
| eeBb |
| X |
| EEBb |
| = |
|
25% Yellow-Factored Black
50% Tri-Factored Black
25% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
50% Tri-Factored Black
25% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
| eeBb |
| X |
| EeBb |
| = |
|
12.5% Yellow-Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Black
12.5% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
12.5% Yellow
25% Tri-Factored Yellow
12.5% Dudley Yellow
25% Tri-Factored Black
12.5% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
12.5% Yellow
25% Tri-Factored Yellow
12.5% Dudley Yellow
| eeBb |
| X |
| = |
| eeBb |
|
25% Yellow
50% Tri-factored Yellow
25% Dudley Yellow
50% Tri-factored Yellow
25% Dudley Yellow
| eebb |
| x |
| eebb |
| = |
|
100% Dudley Yellow
| eebb |
| x |
| = |
| EEbb |
|
100% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
| eebb |
| x |
| = |
| Eebb |
|
50% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
50% Dudley Yellow
50% Dudley Yellow
| = |
| EEbb |
| x |
| EEbb |
|
100% Chocolate
| x |
| EEbb |
| = |
| Eebb |
|
50% Chocolate
50% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
50% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
| x |
| EEbb |
| EeBb |
| = |
|
25% Chocolate Factored Black
25%Chocolate
25% Tri-factored Black
25% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
25%Chocolate
25% Tri-factored Black
25% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
| x |
| EEbb |
| EEBb |
| = |
|
50% Chocolate Factored Black
50% Chocolate
50% Chocolate
| x |
| EEbb |
| EeBB |
| = |
50% Chocolate Factored Black
50% Tri-Factored Black
50% Tri-Factored Black
|
| x |
| EEbb |
| EEBB |
| = |
100% Chocolate Factored Black
|
| EEBB |
| = |
| EEBB |
| x |
|
100% Black
| EeBB |
| = |
| EEBB |
| x |
50% Black
50% Yellow-Factored Black
50% Yellow-Factored Black
|
| EEBb |
| = |
| EEBB |
| x |
50% Black
50% Choclate-Factored Black
50% Choclate-Factored Black
|
| EeBb |
| = |
| EEBB |
| x |
25% Black
25% Choclate-Factored Black
25% Yellow-Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Black
25% Choclate-Factored Black
25% Yellow-Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Black
|
| x |
| Eebb |
| = |
| Eebb |
25% Chocolate
50% Yellow Factored Chocolate
25% Dudley Yellow
50% Yellow Factored Chocolate
25% Dudley Yellow
|
| x |
| Eebb |
| = |
| EeBb |
|
12.5% Chocolate-factored Black
25% Tri-factored Black
12.5% Chocolate
25% Yellow-factored Chocolate
12.5 Tri-Factored Yellow
12.5% Dudley Yellow
25% Tri-factored Black
12.5% Chocolate
25% Yellow-factored Chocolate
12.5 Tri-Factored Yellow
12.5% Dudley Yellow
| x |
| Eebb |
| = |
| EeBB |
|
25% Chocolate-factored Black
50% Tri-factored black
25% Tri-Factored Yellow
50% Tri-factored black
25% Tri-Factored Yellow
| x |
| Eebb |
| = |
| EEBb |
25% Chocolate-Factored Black
25% Tri-factored Black
25% Chocolate
25% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
25% Tri-factored Black
25% Chocolate
25% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
|
| x |
| Eebb |
| = |
| EEBB |
50% Chocolate Factored Black
50% Tri-factored Black
50% Tri-factored Black
|
| x |
| = |
| EeBB |
25% Black
50% Yellow-Factored Black
25% Yellow
50% Yellow-Factored Black
25% Yellow
| EeBB |
|
| x |
| = |
| EEBb |
25% Black
25% Yellow-Factored Black
25% Chocolate Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Black
25% Yellow-Factored Black
25% Chocolate Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Black
| EeBB |
|
| x |
| = |
| EeBb |
12.5% Black
25% Yellow-Factored Black
12.5% Chocolate Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Black
12.5% Yellow
12.5% Tri-Factored Yellow
25% Yellow-Factored Black
12.5% Chocolate Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Black
12.5% Yellow
12.5% Tri-Factored Yellow
| EeBB |
|
| x |
| = |
| EEBb |
25% Black
50% Chocolate-Factored Black
25% Chocolate
50% Chocolate-Factored Black
25% Chocolate
| EEBb |
|
| x |
| = |
| EeBb |
12.5% Black
25% Chocolate Factored Black
12.5% Yellow-Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Black
12.5% Chocolate
12.5% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
25% Chocolate Factored Black
12.5% Yellow-Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Black
12.5% Chocolate
12.5% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
| EEBb |
|
| x |
| = |
| EeBb |
| EeBb |
|
6.25% Black
12.5% Yellow-Factored Black
12.5% Chocolate Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Black
6.25% Yellow
12.5% Tri Factored Yellow
6.25% Dudley Yellow
6.25% Chocolate
12.5% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
12.5% Yellow-Factored Black
12.5% Chocolate Factored Black
25% Tri-Factored Black
6.25% Yellow
12.5% Tri Factored Yellow
6.25% Dudley Yellow
6.25% Chocolate
12.5% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
| Magic X Nestle Litter |
| Twig X Hawk Litter |
| Did I forget anything? If you notice a combination that is not listed, please let me know, so I can add it. |
What about other
colors?
We have shown here
how Black, Chocolate,
and Yellow Labs are
created. But you might be
wondering about some
of the recent 'fad' colors,
such as silver, fox-red or
white. Or maybe you
have seen one of the
mysterious mismarked
labradors that turn up
every now and then.
Silver- Silver labs result
when the chocolate gene
is 'diluted'. There is
actually a separate gene
that controls whether
dilution is turned on or off
- but mysteriously
enough, this gene did
not appear in the original
labradors. It is common,
however, in the
Weimeraner breed. So
how did this color end up
in labs? There are two
possible explanations.
First, the gene could
have occurred as a
random mutation, which
began showing up in the
population when related
dogs who contained this
mutation were mated
together. However, this is
extremely unlikely to be
what happened
-because the random
mutation would have
involved inserting a
whole new gene onto the
chromosome. When
mutations do occur, it
usually happens in the
form of an alteration to
an existing gene by way
of a new or different
allele.
The second possible
explanation, and one that
most breeders believe to
be true, is that at some
point a Weimeraner was
crossed with a Lab,
either on purpose, or by
accident. The silver color
did not show up
immediately, because
(like chocolate) it's
recessive, and would
have required both
parents to carry it in order
for it to be expressed.
This sort of thing would
be relatively easy for a
dishonest breeder, or
group of breeders to pull
off - they could simply
register the puppies as
purebred because it is
impossible to determine
by DNA what breed a dog
is - you can only confirm
or deny it's parents.
colors?
We have shown here
how Black, Chocolate,
and Yellow Labs are
created. But you might be
wondering about some
of the recent 'fad' colors,
such as silver, fox-red or
white. Or maybe you
have seen one of the
mysterious mismarked
labradors that turn up
every now and then.
Silver- Silver labs result
when the chocolate gene
is 'diluted'. There is
actually a separate gene
that controls whether
dilution is turned on or off
- but mysteriously
enough, this gene did
not appear in the original
labradors. It is common,
however, in the
Weimeraner breed. So
how did this color end up
in labs? There are two
possible explanations.
First, the gene could
have occurred as a
random mutation, which
began showing up in the
population when related
dogs who contained this
mutation were mated
together. However, this is
extremely unlikely to be
what happened
-because the random
mutation would have
involved inserting a
whole new gene onto the
chromosome. When
mutations do occur, it
usually happens in the
form of an alteration to
an existing gene by way
of a new or different
allele.
The second possible
explanation, and one that
most breeders believe to
be true, is that at some
point a Weimeraner was
crossed with a Lab,
either on purpose, or by
accident. The silver color
did not show up
immediately, because
(like chocolate) it's
recessive, and would
have required both
parents to carry it in order
for it to be expressed.
This sort of thing would
be relatively easy for a
dishonest breeder, or
group of breeders to pull
off - they could simply
register the puppies as
purebred because it is
impossible to determine
by DNA what breed a dog
is - you can only confirm
or deny it's parents.
What about other
colors? (continued)
So knowing what we
know about genetics, you
may wonder what our
position is on Silver
Labs. (You will notice
that |Eromit does not
offer silver labs for sale).
It is our position that,
regardless of where the
sliver gene originated,
silver Labs are not
proper representatives of
the Labrador breed. If
you have your heart set
on a silver colored dog,
we recommend seeking
out a reputable breeder
of Weimeraners.
Breeders who are selling
'silver' labs are trying to
take advantage of people
who do not understand
coat color genetics (or
they are do not
understand themselves).
"Fox-red" and "white"
labradors are a different
story. These two colors,
and every shade in
between, are simply
different shades of
'yellow' and have
occurred throughout the
breed's history. Just like
a blond human may be a
bleach blond, or a dirty
blond, these are just
plain old yellow labs on
the extreme ends of the
yellow Lab's natural
variation. There is no
harm in breeding for a
specific shade of yellow,
or marketing them as
such, so long as the
buyer's understand that
there is nothing rare or
unique about the color.
Both fox-red and white
Labradors are registered
as yellow, because they
are yellow! (Side note -
Labs never come in the
shade called 'golden', no
matter how golden
colored their fur is.
Golden Retrievers are a
separate breed. Yellow
Labs are often
mistakenly called golden
labs by people new to
purebred dogs.)
Mismarkings are those
rare instances when a
lab comes out in a color
other than pure black,
yellow, or chocolate.
Mismarks that have been
known to occur since
early in the breed's
history include black and
tan (doberman style)
markings, brindling, and
occasionally, a
parti-colored dog (may
be mostly yellow with
black spots, for
example). While these
markings are unusual,
they are not rare, and in
order to preserve the
genetic integrity of the
breed, they should not be
bred. However, it should
be noted that these
mismarked puppies are
purebred, and will
behave similarly to their
properly colored
littermates. Mismarked
puppies, when they do
occur, generally happen
or two at a time - if an
entire litter is
mismarked, you should
suspect that the puppies
are not actually purebred.
Mismarked puppies are
often sold at a discount
to pet homes with the
agreement that the dog
must be spayed or
neutered.
When discussing
mismarks, we have not
included white spots.
The labrador breed
standard allows for a
small white spot on the
dog's chest. What is
actually considered
small is quite subjective,
but from time to time
every breeder will
encounter a puppy with a
small white spot. These
puppies are not rare,
unique, or otherwise
special, but in order to
avoid producing more,
they shouldn't be bred.
A different type of white
spot is the Bolo mark -
small white spots
located between the
pads of the dog's feet.
These are thought to
have originated from an
early show champion
labrador known as "Bolo"
(hence the name!) and
are considered desirable
by many in the breed.
Most of the time, Bolo
spots will disappear as
the puppy grows older.
Other Color Issues
So know that you know
how to determine and
predict the genotype of
your yellow, black or
chocolate labrador, and
have learned all about
mismarkings and the
mysterious 'silver lab',
you may have other
questions. Here are
some facts that may
help - if you STILL have
questions, email me and
I'll try to answer them for
you!
Graying - dogs who turn
gray early are not getting
older earlier, they just
have an early-graying
gene. Labs with this
gene may show gray
around the muzzle as
early as three years of
age, while other labs
may not turn great until
their teen years.
Temperature sensitivity -
The pigment on a yellow
labrador is temperature
sensitive. That's why you
will often see a yellow
lab with a black nose in
the summer and a pink
nose in the winter. If you
allow your yellow lab to
eat or drink out of a
plastic bowl, you may
notice that his nose will
also turn pink. Use a
stainless steel or
ceramic bowl to prevent
this.
Yellow fur is also
temperature sensitive in
a similar manner. That is
why a yellow Lab will
often have darker fur on
it's ears and back, and
lighter fur in other areas -
the body parts that give
off the most heat will
cause the fur to be a few
shades darker. Your
yellow lab may also lose
a few shades over his
whole coat throughout
the winter.
Feed - related color
changes - if you feed
your yellow lab too many
carrots, he may begin to
take on an orange tinge.
Just like with humans -
you really CAN have too
much of a good thing.
Carefully monitor your
Lab's intake of these fine
veggies, regardless of
his color - chocolate and
black labs are just too
dark to show these
symptoms.
colors? (continued)
So knowing what we
know about genetics, you
may wonder what our
position is on Silver
Labs. (You will notice
that |Eromit does not
offer silver labs for sale).
It is our position that,
regardless of where the
sliver gene originated,
silver Labs are not
proper representatives of
the Labrador breed. If
you have your heart set
on a silver colored dog,
we recommend seeking
out a reputable breeder
of Weimeraners.
Breeders who are selling
'silver' labs are trying to
take advantage of people
who do not understand
coat color genetics (or
they are do not
understand themselves).
"Fox-red" and "white"
labradors are a different
story. These two colors,
and every shade in
between, are simply
different shades of
'yellow' and have
occurred throughout the
breed's history. Just like
a blond human may be a
bleach blond, or a dirty
blond, these are just
plain old yellow labs on
the extreme ends of the
yellow Lab's natural
variation. There is no
harm in breeding for a
specific shade of yellow,
or marketing them as
such, so long as the
buyer's understand that
there is nothing rare or
unique about the color.
Both fox-red and white
Labradors are registered
as yellow, because they
are yellow! (Side note -
Labs never come in the
shade called 'golden', no
matter how golden
colored their fur is.
Golden Retrievers are a
separate breed. Yellow
Labs are often
mistakenly called golden
labs by people new to
purebred dogs.)
Mismarkings are those
rare instances when a
lab comes out in a color
other than pure black,
yellow, or chocolate.
Mismarks that have been
known to occur since
early in the breed's
history include black and
tan (doberman style)
markings, brindling, and
occasionally, a
parti-colored dog (may
be mostly yellow with
black spots, for
example). While these
markings are unusual,
they are not rare, and in
order to preserve the
genetic integrity of the
breed, they should not be
bred. However, it should
be noted that these
mismarked puppies are
purebred, and will
behave similarly to their
properly colored
littermates. Mismarked
puppies, when they do
occur, generally happen
or two at a time - if an
entire litter is
mismarked, you should
suspect that the puppies
are not actually purebred.
Mismarked puppies are
often sold at a discount
to pet homes with the
agreement that the dog
must be spayed or
neutered.
When discussing
mismarks, we have not
included white spots.
The labrador breed
standard allows for a
small white spot on the
dog's chest. What is
actually considered
small is quite subjective,
but from time to time
every breeder will
encounter a puppy with a
small white spot. These
puppies are not rare,
unique, or otherwise
special, but in order to
avoid producing more,
they shouldn't be bred.
A different type of white
spot is the Bolo mark -
small white spots
located between the
pads of the dog's feet.
These are thought to
have originated from an
early show champion
labrador known as "Bolo"
(hence the name!) and
are considered desirable
by many in the breed.
Most of the time, Bolo
spots will disappear as
the puppy grows older.
Other Color Issues
So know that you know
how to determine and
predict the genotype of
your yellow, black or
chocolate labrador, and
have learned all about
mismarkings and the
mysterious 'silver lab',
you may have other
questions. Here are
some facts that may
help - if you STILL have
questions, email me and
I'll try to answer them for
you!
Graying - dogs who turn
gray early are not getting
older earlier, they just
have an early-graying
gene. Labs with this
gene may show gray
around the muzzle as
early as three years of
age, while other labs
may not turn great until
their teen years.
Temperature sensitivity -
The pigment on a yellow
labrador is temperature
sensitive. That's why you
will often see a yellow
lab with a black nose in
the summer and a pink
nose in the winter. If you
allow your yellow lab to
eat or drink out of a
plastic bowl, you may
notice that his nose will
also turn pink. Use a
stainless steel or
ceramic bowl to prevent
this.
Yellow fur is also
temperature sensitive in
a similar manner. That is
why a yellow Lab will
often have darker fur on
it's ears and back, and
lighter fur in other areas -
the body parts that give
off the most heat will
cause the fur to be a few
shades darker. Your
yellow lab may also lose
a few shades over his
whole coat throughout
the winter.
Feed - related color
changes - if you feed
your yellow lab too many
carrots, he may begin to
take on an orange tinge.
Just like with humans -
you really CAN have too
much of a good thing.
Carefully monitor your
Lab's intake of these fine
veggies, regardless of
his color - chocolate and
black labs are just too
dark to show these
symptoms.
| Onyx X Hawk Litter |
| x |
| EeBb |
| eebb |
=
|
25%Tri-factored blacks
25% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
25% Tri-factored Yellow
25% Dudley Yellow
25% Yellow-Factored Chocolate
25% Tri-factored Yellow
25% Dudley Yellow
| x |
| EeBB |
| eebb |
=
|
50% Tri-factored Black
50% Tri-Factored Yellow
50% Tri-Factored Yellow
| x |
| EEBB |
| eebb |
=
100% Tri-factored Blacks
|